Breast Maturity and the Development of Breast Cancer

Russo J, Yun-Fu Hu Xiaoqi Yang, Russo I. Chapter 1. Developmental Cellular and Molecular Basis of Human Breast Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2000; 27:17-37.

Russo J, Rivera R, Russo IH. "Influence of Age and Parity on the Development of the Human Breast." Breast Cancer Research and Treatment (1992)23:211-218.

Russo J, Reina D, Frederick J, et al. "Expression of phenotypical changes by human breast epithelial cells treated with carcinogens in vitro." Cancer Res 1988; 48:2837-2857.

Russo J, Russo IH. Development of the human mammary gland. In Neville MD,
Daniel C (ed). The Mammary Gland, Plenum, NY 1987:67-93.

Vorher H. The Breast, Academic, New York 1974:1-18.

Estrogen and Breast Cancer Risk
Henderson BE, et al. Cancer Research 48, 246-253, January 15, 1988.

Bernstein L, Ross R. "Endogenous hormones and breast cancer risk." Epidemiol Rev 1993;15:48-62.

Liehr JG. "Is estradiol a genotoxic mutagenic carcinogen?" Endocrine Rev 2000;21(1):40-54.

Potten CS, Watson RJ, Williams CT, et al. "The effect of age and menstrual cycle upon proliferative activity of the normal human breast." Br J Cancer 1988;58:163-168.

Russo IH, Calaf G, Russo J. "Hormones and proliferative activity in breast tissue." In Stoll BA (ed). Approaches to Breast Cancer Prevention. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers 1990;35-57.

Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators. "Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women." JAMA 2002;288:321-33.

"Report on Carcinogens," U.S. National Toxicology Program, December 11, 2002.

Miller K. "Estrogen and DNA Damage: The Silent Source of Breast Cancer?" Jrnl Natl Cancer Inst, Vol 95, No. 2, 100-102, January 15, 2003.


Studies Which Reported More Than a Twofold Elevation in risk

(We will be adding a brief explanation for those that do not have an abstract available.)

M. Segi, et al "An Epidemiological Study on Cancer in Japan," GANN, Vol. 48, Supplement: April, 1957. (abstract not available)

Pike et al (1981) Br Journal of Cancer 43 "Oral contraceptive use and early abortion as risk factors for breast cancer in young women"

Nishiyama (1982) Shikoku Ichi 38: 333-43 (In Japanese)

Laing et al (1993) J National Med Assoc. 85:931-9 "Breast cancer risk factors in African - American women: the Howard University Tumor Resistry experience."

Laing et al (1994) Genetic Epidemiology 11:A300

Rohan et al. Am J Epidemiol 1988 Sep;128(3):478-89

"A population-based case-control study of diet and breast cancer in Australia."
Bu et al. (1995) Am J Epidemiol 141:S85


Other Studies Which Show Increased Risk

Ye et al. (2002) Br J Cancer 87:977-981

Brinton et al. (1983) Br. Journal of Cancer 47:757-62
"Reproductive factors in the etiology of breast cancer."

Rosenburg et al. (1988) Am J Epidemiology 127:981-9

"Breast cancer in relation to the occurrence and time of induced and spontaneous abortion."
Marcus et al. Am J Public Health 1999 Aug; 89(8):1244-7

"Adolescent reproductive events and subsequent breast cancer risk."
Palmer et al. (1997) Cancer Causes Control 8:841-9

"Induced and spontaneous abortion in relation to risk of breast cancer."
Lazovich et al. Epidemiology 2000 Jan;11(1):76-80

"Induced abortion and breast cancer risk."
Daling et al. Am J Epidemiol 1996 Aug 15;144(4):373-80

"Risk of breast cancer among white women following induced abortion."
Daling et al. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994 Nov 2;86(21):1584-92

"Risk of breast cancer among young women: relationship to induced abortion."
Laing et al. J Natl Med Assoc 1993 Dec;85(12):931-9

Breast cancer risk factors in African-American women: the Howard University Tumor Registry experience.

White et al. (1994) J Natl Cancer Inst 86:505-14

"Breast cancer among young U.S. women in relation to oral contraceptive use." Newcomb et al. (1996) JAMA 275:283-7

Pregnancy termination in relation to risk of breast cancer.
Howe et al. Int J Epidemiol 1989 Jun;18(2):300-4

"Early abortion and breast cancer risk among women under age 40."
Andrieu et al. Br J Cancer 1995 Sep;72(3):744-51

Familial risk, abortion and their interactive effect on the risk of breast cancer--a combined analysis of six case-control studies.
Hirohata et al. (1985) Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 69:187-90

"Occurrence of breast cancer in relation to diet and reproductive history: a case-control study in Fukuoka," Japan.
Ewertz & Duffy (1988) Br J Cancer 68:99-104

"Risk of breast cancer in relation to reproductive factors in Denmark."
Lipworth et al. (1995) Int J Cancer 61:181-4

"Abortion and the risk of breast cancer: a case-control study in Greece"
Rookus & van Leeuwan J Natl Cancer Inst 88:1759-64

"Induced abortion and risk for breast cancer: reporting (recall) bias in a Dutch case-control study"
Talamini et al. (1996) Eur J Cancer 32A:303-10

The role of reproductive and menstrual factors in cancer of the breast before and after menopause
Watanabe & Hirayama (1968) Nippon Rinsho 26:1853-9 (in Japanese, no abstract available)

Dvoirin & Medvedev (1978) Meth Prog Breast Cancer Epidemiol Res, Tallin 1978. USSR Acad Sci pp 53-63 (In Russian)

Le et al., (1984) British J Cancer 72:744-51

Luporsi (1988) British J Cancer 72:744-51

Wu et al. (1996) Br J Cancer 73:680-6

Robertson C, Van Den Donk M, Primic-Zakelj, MacFarlaneT, Boyle P. "The association between induced and spontaneous abortion and risk of breast cancer in Slovenian women aged 25-54." Breast 2001; 10:291-8.


Studies showing link between delayed first full term pregnancy and breast cancer

Russo et al. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1992;23(3):211-8

"Influence of age and parity on the development of the human breast."
MacMahon, B. et al "Age at First Birth and Breast Cancer Risk,"

Bull. Wld Health Org., 1970; (43-209-21) Study reported "It is estimated that women having their first child when aged under 18 years have only about one-third the breast cancer risk of those whose first birth is delayed until the age of 35 or more." Its data also revealed a "suggested increased risk associated with abortion -- contrary to the reduction in risk associated with full-term births."


Studies for which an abstract is not available:

MacMahon, B. et al "Age at First Birth and Breast Cancer Risk," (same as above) Bull. Wld Health Org., 1970; (43-209-21) Study reported "It is estimated that women having their first child when aged under 18 years have only about one-third the breast cancer risk of those whose first birth is delayed until the age of 35 or more." Its data also revealed a "suggested increased risk associated with abortion -- contrary to the reduction in risk associated with full-term births."

Segi M., et al "An Epidemiological Study on Cancer in Japan," GANN, Vol. 48, Supplement: April, 1957Segi et al (1957) GANN 48 (suppl) : 1-63



Home